Read Insect Galls, Vol. 2: Of Springfield, Massachusetts, and Vicinity (Classic Reprint)

Insect Galls, Vol. 2: Of Springfield, Massachusetts, and Vicinity (Classic Reprint)

Fannie Adelle Stebbins

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Description:Excerpt from Insect Galls, Vol. 2: Of Springfield, Massachusetts, and Vicinity A gall has been variously defined by different authors, but apparently all agree in considering it a deformation or malformation of some part of a plant due to injury inflicted. This injury may be chemical or mechanical, and is brought about by the action of fungus, arachnid, insect, character of the soil or fertilizer or cause or causes unknown. The present list includes only those galls caused by insects and the closely allied mites. Altho this list is the result of several seasons collecting, there are undoubtedly many galls which should be found here which have escaped observation, and it seems probable that there are many, especially upon herbaceous plants, which have never been collected and described. No part of the plant is free from the presence of galls, they being found upon stem, branch, bud, leaf, flower, fruit and root. They vary in color, size, shape, surface and especially in structure. The simplest consist of little more than a folding or wrinkling of a leaf with an unusual growth of plant hairs and a slight change of size and shape of the cells. At the other extreme may be found such an elaborate structure as the common "oak apple." But they agree in this, that there is always present a portion from which the maker gets food, known as the nutritive section, and another portion which serves as a protection to the maker, the protective zone. The effect upon the plant has not been definitely studied in most cases. In many instances no apparent detriment results owing to the comparatively small amount of tissue affected. Some cases are commonly observed in which the persistence upon a plant from year to year of a large number of galls renders it unsightly; an illustration of this is the gall of Callirhytis punctata on the black and other oaks. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.We have made it easy for you to find a PDF Ebooks without any digging. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with Insect Galls, Vol. 2: Of Springfield, Massachusetts, and Vicinity (Classic Reprint). To get started finding Insect Galls, Vol. 2: Of Springfield, Massachusetts, and Vicinity (Classic Reprint), you are right to find our website which has a comprehensive collection of manuals listed.
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Description: Excerpt from Insect Galls, Vol. 2: Of Springfield, Massachusetts, and Vicinity A gall has been variously defined by different authors, but apparently all agree in considering it a deformation or malformation of some part of a plant due to injury inflicted. This injury may be chemical or mechanical, and is brought about by the action of fungus, arachnid, insect, character of the soil or fertilizer or cause or causes unknown. The present list includes only those galls caused by insects and the closely allied mites. Altho this list is the result of several seasons collecting, there are undoubtedly many galls which should be found here which have escaped observation, and it seems probable that there are many, especially upon herbaceous plants, which have never been collected and described. No part of the plant is free from the presence of galls, they being found upon stem, branch, bud, leaf, flower, fruit and root. They vary in color, size, shape, surface and especially in structure. The simplest consist of little more than a folding or wrinkling of a leaf with an unusual growth of plant hairs and a slight change of size and shape of the cells. At the other extreme may be found such an elaborate structure as the common "oak apple." But they agree in this, that there is always present a portion from which the maker gets food, known as the nutritive section, and another portion which serves as a protection to the maker, the protective zone. The effect upon the plant has not been definitely studied in most cases. In many instances no apparent detriment results owing to the comparatively small amount of tissue affected. Some cases are commonly observed in which the persistence upon a plant from year to year of a large number of galls renders it unsightly; an illustration of this is the gall of Callirhytis punctata on the black and other oaks. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.We have made it easy for you to find a PDF Ebooks without any digging. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with Insect Galls, Vol. 2: Of Springfield, Massachusetts, and Vicinity (Classic Reprint). To get started finding Insect Galls, Vol. 2: Of Springfield, Massachusetts, and Vicinity (Classic Reprint), you are right to find our website which has a comprehensive collection of manuals listed.
Our library is the biggest of these that have literally hundreds of thousands of different products represented.

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Insect Galls, Vol. 2: Of Springfield, Massachusetts, and Vicinity (Classic Reprint)

Insect Galls, Vol. 2: Of Springfield, Massachusetts, and Vicinity (Classic Reprint)

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