Read Bio-pigmentation and Biotechnological Implementations

Bio-pigmentation and Biotechnological Implementations

Om V. Singh

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Description:Biological pigments are naturally occurring chemical compounds which appear as color and serve a variety of functional purposes such as absorbing ultra violet (UV) light in order to promote photosynthesis, desorbing certain UV wavelengths to protect organisms from photo damage, or to oblige as an attraction to other organisms in order to promote mating or pollination. The visual character of pigmentation also serves to be an indicator of quality. Color based evaluation is essential as it indicates fertility, nutritional value, flavor, toxicity, or spoilage in food. Human society has incorporated this knowledge of the instinctive perception of color into marketing by increasing the appeal of food items, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.Both artificial food colors (AFCs) or synthetic pigments and natural pigments are used as color additives to augment or correct imperfections of a food's natural color, indicate artificially flavored foods and medicines, or serve as decorative purpose. The color additives are being used to provide color to foods whose natural color would potentially degrade through shipment and storage when exposed to UV light, extreme changes in temperature or humidity. In these cases, artificial color additives whose chemical structures are stable and do not degrade under various conditions can be preferable for marketing purposes.However, the quandary lies directly in the advantage of chemically stable compounds. Naturally occurring pigments are biological derivatives of organic compounds, which can be metabolically or chemically broken down because they serve to synchronize with organismal demands (Shindo and Misawa 2013; Oren, 2013). Whereas the artificial chemical colors are the derivatives of coal-tar and petroleum, which cannot be degraded completely. Therefore artificial pigments are potentially perilous to life because such chemical behaviors are asynchronous with biological function. Studies have shown how various AFCs are being linked to biological and neurological effects, such as contributing to attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) behaviors in children, affecting nutrient absorption and metabolism, and cancer (Arnold et al., 2012; Kobylewski and Jacobson 2012; Sonuga-Barke et al., 2013; Lok et al., 2013; Smith et al., 2015; Vojdani and Vojdani, 2015).The United States Food and Drug Administration's (US FDA) under FD&C Act," (Food, Drugs and Cosmetics Act), Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) has approved use of color additives in food, and regarded as "GRAS" (Generally Recognized as Safe) (http: //www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/ColorAdditive...http: //www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackaging...). The "safe" amount of an artificial color known as the acceptable daily intake (ADI), measured in parts per million (ppm) that industries are legally permitted to use in products. However, if organisms, specifically humans and animals, cannot metabolize artificial chemical compounds how much of a dose considered as "safe" for consumption remains questionable.As the development and creation of new technologies continues to thrive and be advantageous to comprehensive human society, the increasing demand for natural alternatives of artificial coloring can be fulfilled. The biological pigments such as carotenoids, xanthophylls (i.e. b-carotene, lycopene, lutein, canthaxanthine, rhodoxanthin, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, phycocyanin, monascin), violacein, and melanins for industrial applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries are gaining great attention (Mata-Gomez et al, 2014; Bhosale and Bernstein, 2005; Stahl and Sies, 2005). Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative proteobacteria found in the soil and water in tropical and subtropical environments. The bacterium is able to live under anaerobic and aerobic conditions but violacein as pigment only occurs in aerobic condition. Violacein is a secondary metabolite and has great potential for pharmacological applications such as antibacterial, anti-trypanocidal, anit-ulcerogenic, and anticancer drug (Hoshino, 2011; Vaishnav and Demain, 2011; Duran et al., 2010; Duran et al., 2007). Another well-studied bacterial pigment is prodigiosin, a bright red colored bacterial pigment produced by wide variety of bacterial taxa, including Gram-negative rods such as S. rubidaea, Vibrio gazogenes, Alteromonas rubra, Rugamonas rubra, and Gram-positive actinomycetes, such as Streptoverticillium rubrireticuli and Streptomyces longisporus. Prodigiosin has been proved to be effective as anti-microbial, anti-malarial, anti-cancer and immunosuppressive pigment. In vitro, prodigiosins have been shown to primarily target the cancer cells independently of the p53 status while little or no effect has been observed on normal cells. In addition, prodigiosins are effective in cancer cells with multidrug resistance phenotype and defects in the a...We have made it easy for you to find a PDF Ebooks without any digging. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with Bio-pigmentation and Biotechnological Implementations. To get started finding Bio-pigmentation and Biotechnological Implementations, you are right to find our website which has a comprehensive collection of manuals listed.
Our library is the biggest of these that have literally hundreds of thousands of different products represented.

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ISBN: 1119166144

Description: Biological pigments are naturally occurring chemical compounds which appear as color and serve a variety of functional purposes such as absorbing ultra violet (UV) light in order to promote photosynthesis, desorbing certain UV wavelengths to protect organisms from photo damage, or to oblige as an attraction to other organisms in order to promote mating or pollination. The visual character of pigmentation also serves to be an indicator of quality. Color based evaluation is essential as it indicates fertility, nutritional value, flavor, toxicity, or spoilage in food. Human society has incorporated this knowledge of the instinctive perception of color into marketing by increasing the appeal of food items, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.Both artificial food colors (AFCs) or synthetic pigments and natural pigments are used as color additives to augment or correct imperfections of a food's natural color, indicate artificially flavored foods and medicines, or serve as decorative purpose. The color additives are being used to provide color to foods whose natural color would potentially degrade through shipment and storage when exposed to UV light, extreme changes in temperature or humidity. In these cases, artificial color additives whose chemical structures are stable and do not degrade under various conditions can be preferable for marketing purposes.However, the quandary lies directly in the advantage of chemically stable compounds. Naturally occurring pigments are biological derivatives of organic compounds, which can be metabolically or chemically broken down because they serve to synchronize with organismal demands (Shindo and Misawa 2013; Oren, 2013). Whereas the artificial chemical colors are the derivatives of coal-tar and petroleum, which cannot be degraded completely. Therefore artificial pigments are potentially perilous to life because such chemical behaviors are asynchronous with biological function. Studies have shown how various AFCs are being linked to biological and neurological effects, such as contributing to attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) behaviors in children, affecting nutrient absorption and metabolism, and cancer (Arnold et al., 2012; Kobylewski and Jacobson 2012; Sonuga-Barke et al., 2013; Lok et al., 2013; Smith et al., 2015; Vojdani and Vojdani, 2015).The United States Food and Drug Administration's (US FDA) under FD&C Act," (Food, Drugs and Cosmetics Act), Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) has approved use of color additives in food, and regarded as "GRAS" (Generally Recognized as Safe) (http: //www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/ColorAdditive...http: //www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackaging...). The "safe" amount of an artificial color known as the acceptable daily intake (ADI), measured in parts per million (ppm) that industries are legally permitted to use in products. However, if organisms, specifically humans and animals, cannot metabolize artificial chemical compounds how much of a dose considered as "safe" for consumption remains questionable.As the development and creation of new technologies continues to thrive and be advantageous to comprehensive human society, the increasing demand for natural alternatives of artificial coloring can be fulfilled. The biological pigments such as carotenoids, xanthophylls (i.e. b-carotene, lycopene, lutein, canthaxanthine, rhodoxanthin, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, phycocyanin, monascin), violacein, and melanins for industrial applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries are gaining great attention (Mata-Gomez et al, 2014; Bhosale and Bernstein, 2005; Stahl and Sies, 2005). Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative proteobacteria found in the soil and water in tropical and subtropical environments. The bacterium is able to live under anaerobic and aerobic conditions but violacein as pigment only occurs in aerobic condition. Violacein is a secondary metabolite and has great potential for pharmacological applications such as antibacterial, anti-trypanocidal, anit-ulcerogenic, and anticancer drug (Hoshino, 2011; Vaishnav and Demain, 2011; Duran et al., 2010; Duran et al., 2007). Another well-studied bacterial pigment is prodigiosin, a bright red colored bacterial pigment produced by wide variety of bacterial taxa, including Gram-negative rods such as S. rubidaea, Vibrio gazogenes, Alteromonas rubra, Rugamonas rubra, and Gram-positive actinomycetes, such as Streptoverticillium rubrireticuli and Streptomyces longisporus. Prodigiosin has been proved to be effective as anti-microbial, anti-malarial, anti-cancer and immunosuppressive pigment. In vitro, prodigiosins have been shown to primarily target the cancer cells independently of the p53 status while little or no effect has been observed on normal cells. In addition, prodigiosins are effective in cancer cells with multidrug resistance phenotype and defects in the a...We have made it easy for you to find a PDF Ebooks without any digging. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with Bio-pigmentation and Biotechnological Implementations. To get started finding Bio-pigmentation and Biotechnological Implementations, you are right to find our website which has a comprehensive collection of manuals listed.
Our library is the biggest of these that have literally hundreds of thousands of different products represented.

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